One-liner Building Construction & Material
Bricks Bonds :-
- English bond - Alternate Course of Headers and Stretchers. It is strongest bond.
- Flemish bond - Each Course consists of Alternate Header and Stretcher.
- Herring - bone Bond - Commonly used for Brick Paving.
- Stretcher Bond - It is preferred when walls of Half brick thickness need to be constructed.
- King Closer - Rectangular brick whose one end has been cut off diagonally to half the width of brick.
- Queen Closer - When Brick is cut along it's length,making it two halves then it is called Queen Closer.
- Rat-trap bond - Bond in which cavity is existing. In this method,bricks are placed in vertical position instead of conventional horizontal position and thus creating a wall(hollow space) within the wall.
- Brick bat - Cut portion of brick.
- Prepend - Vertical joint in bricks.
Chemical Composition in Bricks :-
- Silica in Brick - enables brick to retain it's shape.
- Alumina in Brick - Responsible for plasticity characteristics of brick earth.
- Excess Alumina in Brick - Produce crack during drying and burning.
- Excess Iron oxide in Brick - Makes brick to dark blue.
- Excess silica in Brick -makes brick brittle and weak.
- Excess of Magnesia in Brick - Affects colour and makes brick yellow.
- Excess of lime in Brick - Causes brick to melt and loss it's shape.
Q. What is surveying ?
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| Part - 01 |
Chemical Composition in Cement :-
- Gypsum(CaSO4) - Retarder.
- Dicalcium Silicate - Ultimate Strength.
- Tricalcium Silicate - Early Strength.
- Reduce Tricalcium Silicate(C3S) - To get Low Heat Cement.
- Calcium Chloride(CaCL2) - Accelerator.
- Tricalcium Aluminate - Early Setting.
- Use Quick Set Cement - For Underwater Construction.
Cement Test Apparatus Used :-
- Setting Time - Vicat Apparatus.
- Initial Setting Time Test - 1mm Square Needle.
- Final Setting Time Test - 5mm Annular Collar.
- Percentage of Water For Setting Time Test - 0.85P.
- Percentage of Water For Soundness Test - 0.78P.
- Specific Gravity - Le-chateliers used.
- Consistency Test Of Cement - Vicat Plunger is used.
- Fineness Test of Cement - Seive Analysis & Blaine's Air Permeability Test.
- Tensile Strength Test - Std.Briquette Apparatus.
- Soundness Test - Le-chatelier's Test Lime Only.
- Soundness Test - Autoclave Test Lime & Magnesia Both
Building construction & Material Technical Terms :-
- Doors - It is a openable barrier secured in a wall opening.
- Frame - It is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members, forming an enclosure, to which the shutters are fixed.
- Shutters - Openable parts of a door or window. It is an assembly of styles, panels and rails.
- Head - This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of a frame.
- Sill - This is the lowermost or bottom horizontal part of a window frame. Sills are normally not provided in door frames.
- Jamb - This is the vertical wall face of an opening which supports the frame.
- Reveal - It is the external jamb of a door or window opening at right angles to the wall face.
- Rebate - It is depression or recess made inside the door frame, to receive the door shutter.
- Panel - This is the area of shutter enclosed between the adjacent rails.
- Mullion - This is a vertical member of a frame, which is employed to sub-divide a Window or a door vertically.
- Horn - These are the horizontal projections of the head and sill of a frame to facilitate the fixing of the frame on the wall opening. The length of horns is kept about 10 to 15 cm
- Style - Style is the vertical outside member of the shutter of a door or window.
- Bottom rail - This is the lowermost horizontal member of a shutter.
- Intermediate or cross-rails - These are additional horizontal rails, fixed between be top and bottom rails of a shutter. A rail fixed between the top rail and lock rail is called frieze rail.
- Top rail - This is the top most horizontal member of a shutter.
- Lock rail - This is the middle horizontal member of a door shutter, to which locking arrangement is fixed.
- Transom - This is a horizontal member of a frame, which is employed to sub divide a window opening horizontally.
- Hold fasts - These are mild steel flats (section 30 mm x 6 mm), generally bent into Z-shape, to fix or hold the frame to the opening. The horizontal length of hold fast is kept about 20 cm, and is embedded in the masonry.
Doors commonly used in India with Code :-
Relation width & height -Width - 0.4 to 0.6 heights meter
Height - width + 1.2 meter
8DS20 - Width - 800mm , Height - 2000mm , D - Door and S - Single shutter.
10DT21 - width - 1000mm , Height - 2100mm , D - Door and T - Double shutter.
Types of Window and sizes :-
- Window - It is vented barrier secured in wall opening.
- Width of window - (width of room + height of room)/8.
- The total area of window opening - 10% to 20% of floor area of the room.
- Public building Minimum area of windows - 20% of floor area.
- Natural light - The area of glazed panels should atleast be 8 to 10% of the floor area.
- Bay window - Bay window projected outside the external wall of the room.
- Dormer window - A dormer window is a vertical window provided on the sloping roof
- Clere storey window : These windows are provided in a room which has greater ceiling height than the surrounding rooms or when a lean to roof of low height is there adjacent to the room.
Q. Civil Engineering Objective Question ?
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