What is highway Roadway | Introduction | Classification | Advantage |
Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country . In all types of transportation system a highway is a very important role of rapid growth industrial and economical growth of any country.
In this Articles :-
➤ Introduction of highway.
➤ Introduction of roadway.
➤ Advantage of Roadway.
➤ Classification of Roadway.
➤ Nagpur Road Plan
➤ Define national highway, State highway, Major District Roads, Other District Roads and Village Roads .
➤ Define Expressways, Arterial streets, Sub - arterial streets, Collector streets and Local streets .
Introduction of highway :-
In many types of roads are called highway . Highway is not a roadway .
According to Federal highway administration the word highway it should have a definition :-
Highway function classification ranges from .
➤ Principle Arterial which includes Interstate, other freeways and expressway .
➤ Minor Arterial which is main street but not as busy as a principle Arterial .
➤ Local roads .
Introduction of Roadway :-
For growth of any country transportation is very essential . In transportation system good network is roadway, Railway, Waterway and Airway .
In all types of transportation mode Roadway is very easy and nearest to the people, because it is not possible goods and passenger have to be first transpot by the airway and railway, but it is possible by the roadway people first transported by the roadway before the reaching to the railway, airway and waterway .
Advantage of Roadway :-
In highway transport method are more advantages.
- Roadway vehicle are easy & cheaper available to the person than other carries like; Aeroplane, Locomotive etc.
- Useful for small distance .
- In road transport method door - to - door service is available .
- Cost of construction of roadway is lesser than airpot & railway track.
- Free from fixed schedules and flexible service quickly to meet sudden demand.
- It connect to remote village, hilly region where railway lines and airway is uneconomical and don't get possible.
- For various method of transport like; car, cycle, two wheelers, and other private vehicles.
- For any disaster condition , Roadway is very important role for rescue.
Classification of Roads :-
Roads are classified in the following point kept in the mind; Location of the highway, load and traffic volume .
The classification based on location and function should therefore be a more acceptable classification for a country as they may be defined clearly.
ROADS are classified two categories :-
(a) Non - urban (Rural)
(b) Urban
(a) Non - urban roads :-
Non-urban roads are those located in areas other than urban areas. They are also known as Rural roads. This classification is popularly known as I.R.C. classification of roads and The Nagpur road plan. The non - urban roads are classified into five categories.
(i) National Highways (NH)
(ii) State Highways (SH)
(iii) Major District Roads (MDR)
(iv) Other District Roads (ODR)
(v) Village Roads (VR)
(i) National Highways (NH) :-
The main highways running through the length and breadth of the country connecting state capitals, major ports, foreign highways, large towns large industrial tourist centres etc. are known as National Highways.
These are of national importance for strategic movements for the defence of country, administrative and other purposes. These highways constitute the main arteries of road transport in the country. All the National Highways are assigned the respective numbers. The highway connecting Amritsar - Ambala - Delhi is denoted as NH - 1 , Jalandar - Srinagar - Uri is denoted as NH-1-A , Maduri and Rameswaram is NH-49 and Bombay-Agra raod NH-3 .
(ii) State Highways (SH) :-
The highways connecting district headquarters and important cities within the state or connecting them with National Highways of adjacent states are known as State Highways, district head quarters.
These highways serve as main arteries of traffic to and from district roads. These are also considered as main arteries of commerce by road within a state. The national highway and state highway both same design speed and geometric design.
(iii) Major District Roads (MDR) :-
The important roads within a district serving areas of production and markets and connecting these with each other or with highways and railways are known as Major District Roads. M.D.R. is a main highway of district. These roads have same specifications as the State Highways.
(iv) Other District Roads (ODR) :-
Other district roads are the roads serving rural areas of production and providing them with outlet to Tehsil headquarters, market centers block development head quarters etc. These roads have lower specifications design than major district roads.
(v) Village Roads (VR):-
Village roads are roads connecting villages or group of villages with each other or with nearest district road, main highway, railway etc. These roads are very important from the point of view of rural area development. The construction and maintenance of these roads are the responsibility of local district authority.
(b) Urban roads :-
Urban roads are those which fall with in the jurisdiction of municipalities and cantonment boards. Urban roads are classified as follows:-
(i) Expressways
(ii) Arterial streets
(iii) Sub - arterial streets
(iv) Collector streets
(v) Local streets
(i) Expressways :-
These are divided arterial highways for motor traffic and provided generally with grade separation at intersections. The main function of expressways is to provide for movement of heavy traffic at high speed,
(ii) Arterial Streets :-
Arterial streets are streets primarily meant for through traffic usually on a continuous route. Arterial streets, along with expressways, serve as the principal network for through traffic flow. A properly developed and designated arterial street system would help to identity residential neighborhoods, industrial areas and commercial areas. These streets are spaced generally at less than 1.5 km in central business areas and at 8 km or more in sparsely developed urban fringes.
(iii) Sub-arterial Streets :-
These are streets of some - what lower level of mobility than arterial streets. These are spaced at 0.5 km in the central business area and 3 to 5 in Sub - urban fringes.
(iv) Collector Streets :-
These are intended for collecting and distributing the traffic to and from local streets and also for providing access to arterial streets.
(v) Local Streets :-
Local streets are primarily intended for access to residence, business or other abutting property. The streets do not carry large volume of traffic.
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